caa a22 4500 357894138 CHVBK 20170617164012.0 cr unu---uuuuu 160308e201601 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1105/tpc.15.00791 doi (SERVAL)BIB_29C415D9CBC6 26668305 pmid Repeated Whole-Genome Duplication, Karyotype Reshuffling, and Biased Retention of Stress-Responding Genes in Buckler Mustard [Elektronische Daten] [C. Geiser, T. Mandáková, N. Arrigo, M.A. Lysak, C. Parisod] Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is usually followed by gene loss and karyotype repatterning. Despite evidence of new adaptive traits associated with WGD, the underpinnings and evolutionary significance of such genome fractionation remain elusive. Here, we use Buckler mustard (Biscutella laevigata) to infer processes that have driven the retention of duplicated genes after recurrent WGDs. In addition to the β- and α-WGD events shared by all Brassicaceae, cytogenetic and transcriptome analyses revealed two younger WGD events that occurred at times of environmental changes in the clade of Buckler mustard (Biscutelleae): a mesopolyploidy event from the late Miocene that was followed by considerable karyotype reshuffling and chromosome number reduction and a neopolyploidy event during the Pleistocene. Although a considerable number of the older duplicates presented signatures of retention under positive selection, the majority of retained duplicates arising from the younger mesopolyploidy WGD event matched predictions of the gene balance hypothesis and showed evidence of strong purifying selection as well as enrichment in gene categories responding to abiotic stressors. Retention of large stretches of chromosomes for both genomic copies supported the hypothesis that cycles of WGD and biased fractionation shaped the genome of this stress-tolerant polypolyloid, promoting the adaptive recruitment of stress-responding genes in the face of environmental challenges. Geiser C. aut Mandáková T. aut Arrigo N. aut Lysak M.A. aut Parisod C. aut The Plant cell 28/1(2016-01), 17-27 28:1<17-27 2016 28 1 article serval SERVAL 700 1- Geiser C. aut SERVAL 700 1- Mandáková T. aut SERVAL 700 1- Arrigo N. aut SERVAL 700 1- Lysak M.A. aut SERVAL 700 1- Parisod C. aut SERVAL 773 0- The Plant cell 28/1(2016-01), 17-27 28:1<17-27 2016 28 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 SERVAL SERVAL SERVAL article