caa a22 4500 378852310 CHVBK 20180305123326.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20031117xx s 000 0 eng 10.1515/CCLM.2003.221 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1515/CCLM.2003.221 Hyperhomocysteinemia and Immune Activation [Elektronische Daten] [Katharina Schroecksnadel, Barbara Frick, Christiana Winkler, Friedrich Leblhuber, Barbara Wirleitner, Dietmar Fuchs] Hyperhomocysteinemia is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis, thrombosis and other vascular diseases. Homocysteine auto-oxidation is considered to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, the question remains to be elucidated whether vitamin deficiency and homocysteine accumulation are causal for disease development or rather comprise a secondary phenomenon. Most diseases accompanied by hyperhomocysteinemia are also associated with ongoing activation of the immune system. In vitro experiments show homocysteine to accumulate in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In patients with coronary heart disease, with rheumatoid arthritis and in patients with dementia, an association between cellular immune activation and homocysteine metabolism is found. Homocysteine concentrations not only correlate inversely with folate concentrations, they also show a positive relationship with concentrations of immune activation markers like neopterin. Moreover, in patients with various kinds of dementia, increased concentrations of serum peroxides, homocysteine and neopterin correlate with each other. Studies support a role of immune system activation in the development of hyperhomocysteinemia. Stimulation and proliferation of immune cells may lead to the production of reactive oxygen species that may oxidize antioxidants and oxidation-sensitive B-vitamins. An enhanced demand for antioxidants as well as folate and vitamin B12 may develop, together with hyperhomocysteinemia, despite sufficient dietary intake. Copyright © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG Medical equipment & techniques nationallicence Medical diagnosis nationallicence Diseases & disorders nationallicence Schroecksnadel Katharina aut Frick Barbara aut Winkler Christiana aut Leblhuber Friedrich aut Wirleitner Barbara aut Fuchs Dietmar aut Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Walter de Gruyter 41/11(2003-11-17), 1438-1443 1434-6621 41:11<1438 2003 41 cclm https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2003.221 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2003.221 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schroecksnadel Katharina aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Frick Barbara aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Winkler Christiana aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Leblhuber Friedrich aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wirleitner Barbara aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fuchs Dietmar aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Walter de Gruyter 41/11(2003-11-17), 1438-1443 1434-6621 41:11<1438 2003 41 cclm CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter