caa a22 4500 378858858 CHVBK 20180305123341.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20031107xx s 000 0 eng 10.1515/BC.2003.153 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1515/BC.2003.153 Kröncke K.-D Nitrosative Stress and Transcription [Elektronische Daten] [K.-D. Kröncke] Low NO concentrations synthesized by constitutively expressed NO synthases act on several signaling pathways activating transcription factors (TF), such as NF-κB or AP-1, and thereby influence gene expression. In contrast, during inflammatory reactions the inducible NO synthase produces NO for prolonged periods of time. The resulting nitrosative stress directly affects redoxsensitive TF like NF-κB, AP-1, Oct-1, c-Myb, or zinc fingercontaining TF, but also additional mechanisms have been identified. Nitrosative stress in some cases induces expression of TF (AP-1, p53), indirectly modulates activity or stability of TF (HIF-1, p53) or their inhibitors (NF-κB), or modulates accessibility of promoters via increased DNA methylation or histone deacetylation. Depending on the promoter the result is induced, increased, decreased or even totally inhibited expression of various target genes. In unstimulated cells nitrosative stress increases NF-κB or AP-1-dependent transcription, while in activated cells nitrosative stress rather abolishes NF-κB or AP-1-dependent transcription. Sometimes the oxygen concentration also is of prime importance, since under normoxic conditions nitrosative stress activates HIF-1-dependent transcription, while under hypoxic conditions nitrosative stress leads to inhibition of HIF-1-dependent transcription. This review summarizes what is known about effects of physiological NO levels as well as of nitrosative stress on transcription. Copyright © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG Biochemistry nationallicence Molecular biology nationallicence Cellular biology nationallicence Biological Chemistry Walter de Gruyter 384/10-11(2003-11-07), 1365-1377 1431-6730 384:10-11<1365 2003 384 bchm https://doi.org/10.1515/BC.2003.153 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1515/BC.2003.153 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Kröncke K.-D NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biological Chemistry Walter de Gruyter 384/10-11(2003-11-07), 1365-1377 1431-6730 384:10-11<1365 2003 384 bchm CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter