caa a22 4500 378861700 CHVBK 20180305123348.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20030101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1351/pac200375111685 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1351/pac200375111685 Wilson E. M. Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, and the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Biological function and mode of action of the androgen receptor [Elektronische Daten] [E. M. Wilson] Chemical contaminants with antiandrogen or androgen activity have been identified in the environment. The mode of action of these endocrine disruptors derives from their ability to bind to the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the steroid receptor family of nuclear receptors. The AR is a ligand-activated transcription factor with properties unique among members of the steroid receptor family. Binding of endocrine disruptors to the AR impacts its ability to activate or inhibit AR-regulated genes. Most notable of these are the agonist-induced and antagonist-inhibited interdomain interactions that influence AR stability and function. Environmental antiandrogens identified thus far are metabolites of pesticides and herbicides, exerting androgen antagonist effects by blocking AR-induced gene transcription required for male sexual development. Environmental androgens can be precursors of the naturally occurring biologically active androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone or result from anabolic steroid use in the livestock industry. They have agonist activity by their ability to bind the AR and mimic the natural hormone, increasing AR-mediated transcription of androgen-responsive genes. The presence of masculinized female fish in polluted rivers indicates the presence of androgen-like pollutants in the environment. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Pure and Applied Chemistry De Gruyter 75/11-12(2003-01-01), 1685-1697 0033-4545 75:11-12<1685 2003 75 pac https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375111685 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375111685 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Wilson E. M. Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, and the Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pure and Applied Chemistry De Gruyter 75/11-12(2003-01-01), 1685-1697 0033-4545 75:11-12<1685 2003 75 pac CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter