caa a22 4500 378887246 CHVBK 20180305123445.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20040205xx s 000 0 eng 10.1515/HF.2004.010 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1515/HF.2004.010 Biological and chemical characteristics of "included sapwood" of Juniperus virginiana L [Elektronische Daten] [J. Bauch, J. Puls, R. Klupsch, C. Vogel] The reddish-violet heartwood of Juniperus virginiana L. contains irregularly distributed and longitudinally oriented streaks of light-coloured wood, described as "included sapwood”. A histological study revealed that a blockage of the rays, which is caused by wounds often associated with tiny shakes, branch stubs and included bark, may lead to this anomaly. A study of fresh wood immediately after felling of the trees showed that "included sapwood” lacks physiological activity similar to the adjacent normal heartwood. Cellular UV-spectroscopic analysis revealed a secondary metabolism particularly of phenolic compounds in the pit membranes of tracheids during "included sapwood” formation, whereas the reddish-violet flavonoid compounds do not develop in this anomalous wood. Chemical analyses of petrol ether, diethyl ether, acetone and ethanol/water extracts of sapwood, "included sapwood” and heartwood showed that the accessory compounds cedrol, α-cedrene, widdrol, thujopsene and cuparene increased in "included sapwood” compared to sapwood. As opposed to the reddish-violet heartwood compounds, these sesquiterpenes turned out to be highly toxic against a brown-rot fungus in a bioassay. These findings justify defining "included sapwood” as a heartwood anomaly, since the important wood characteristics of this tissue obey the definition of heartwood rather than sapwood. This anomaly should no longer be a reason to exclude this type of wood from commercial utilisation. Copyright © 2004 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG Timber & wood processing nationallicence Biotechnology nationallicence Materials science nationallicence Bauch J. aut Puls J. aut Klupsch R. aut Vogel C. aut Holzforschung Walter de Gruyter 58/1(2004-02-05), 74-81 0018-3830 58:1<74 2004 58 hfsg https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2004.010 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2004.010 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bauch J. aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Puls J. aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Klupsch R. aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vogel C. aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Holzforschung Walter de Gruyter 58/1(2004-02-05), 74-81 0018-3830 58:1<74 2004 58 hfsg CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter