caa a22 4500 378906143 CHVBK 20180305123530.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20040506xx s 000 0 eng 10.2202/1542-0485.1057 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.2202/1542-0485.1057 Genetically Modified Organisms: Rights To Use Commodity Names and the Lemons Problem [Elektronische Daten] [Richard Gray, Charles B. Moss, Andrew Schmitz] Genetically modified crops have met some consumer opposition domestically and abroad. This opposition has resulted in variety market and policy reactions with a large potential to disrupt trade and to become a focus of international negotiations. In this paper we consider the spillover from adopters to the non-adopters and non-consumers of GM technology. In the absence of any (organizational) transaction costs the assignment of property right to use the name corn will result in Pareto improving decisions with respect to the introduction of GM technology. However, in the presence of transaction costs the ability to use generic crop names such as corn, the adopters of GM technology have the implicit right and will impose costs on participants in the non-GM marketing channel, by creating a lemons problem. This assignment of property rights can result in the commercial introduction of GM despite potential losses in overall social welfare. If the property rights are reassigned such that the innovators are forced to segregate their GM products through labeling laws, this preempts welfare decreasing technology introduction. The relative efficiency of either allocation of property rights depends on the cost savings, rate of adoption, segregation costs, and consumers’ preference for the GM crop in question. This suggests that assignment of property rights may be more effective if done on a case-by-case basis rather than a one size fits all policy. ©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston GMOs nationallicence GMOs nationallicence property rights nationallicence Gray Richard University of Saskatchewan aut Moss Charles B. University of Florida aut Schmitz Andrew University of Florida aut Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization De Gruyter 2/2(2004-05-06) 2:2 2004 2 jafio https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-0485.1057 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-0485.1057 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gray Richard University of Saskatchewan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moss Charles B. University of Florida aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schmitz Andrew University of Florida aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization De Gruyter 2/2(2004-05-06) 2:2 2004 2 jafio CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter