caa a22 4500 378915711 CHVBK 20180305123552.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20041229xx s 000 0 eng 10.2202/1540-8884.1056 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.2202/1540-8884.1056 Campbell James E. University at Buffalo, SUNY The Presidential Election of 2004: The Fundamentals and the Campaign [Elektronische Daten] [James E. Campbell] This article examines the 2004 presidential campaign by examining the trinity of fundamentals that have historically affected presidential elections and how they “played out” in this year’s campaign. The three fundamentals are public opinion about the in-party and candidates before the campaign gets underway, the state of the pre-campaign economy, and incumbency (both personal and party-term incumbency). They are assessed for elections since 1948 and in one case since 1868. The first two of these fundamentals slightly favored President Bush and the third (an incumbent seeking a second party-term) strongly favored him. The analysis considers how the fundamentals interplayed with voter assessments of candidate qualities, issues, and ideology to lead to the closely fought Bush re-election. After all is said and done, after considering the impact of the war on terror and in Iraq, the election turned out much as one would have expected based on candidates’ ideological positions. The 2004 election added another case to the string of presidential losses by liberal northern Democrats since 1968. ©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston elections nationallicence presidency nationallicence political parties nationallicence The Forum De Gruyter 2/4(2004-12-29) 2:4 2004 2 for https://doi.org/10.2202/1540-8884.1056 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2202/1540-8884.1056 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Campbell James E. University at Buffalo, SUNY NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Forum De Gruyter 2/4(2004-12-29) 2:4 2004 2 for CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter