caa a22 4500 378916815 CHVBK 20180305123555.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20041201xx s 000 0 eng 10.2298/hel0441173h doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.2298/hel0441173h DAMAGE OF SUNFLOWER CAUSED BY THE COTTON BOLLWORM (Helicoverpa armigera, Hübner) IN THE REGION OF KECSKEMÉT AND BÁCSALMÁS IN 2003 [Elektronische Daten] LOS DAÑOS CAUSADOS POR LA ORUGA DEL ALGODÓN (Helicoverpa armigera) EN EL AÑO 2003 EN LA ZONA DE BÁCSALMÁS Y KECSKEMÉT / DOMMAGES CAUSÉS AU TOURNESOL PAR LA NOCTUELLE DU COTON (Helicoverpa armigera, HÜBNER) DANS LES RÉGIONS DE KECSKEMÉT ET BÁCSALMÁS EN 2003 / [Z. Horváth, J. Boros, F. D. Škorić] Damage caused by the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armygera HÜBNER) was first observed in the southern part of Bács-Kiskun County in 1994. This observation was made in Bácsalmás, in a sunflower field of 150 ha was used for hybrid seed multiplication. Several insecticide applications were necessary to effectively control the pest. In 1995, this type of protection had to be applied in a field of 1200 ha in Bácsalmás. In the southern part of Hungary, this insect is present in high numbers every year. Protection of sunflower seed fields would not be possible without the integrated protection technologies developed against this insect. En masse occurrence of the species was examined in the regions of Kecskemét and Bácsalmás towns, in commercial sunflower fields. According to our large-scale investigation, 322 sunflower heads of the 500 examined (64.4%) were found to be infected on 3 August 2003. The level of infection was as high as 418 heads (83.6%) in the Bácsalmás region. Concerning the number of larvae found per single head, the situation was similar. The average numbers of larvae found per single sunflower head were 5.22 and 8.09 in the regions of Kecskemét and Bácsalmás, respectively. Simultaneously, Rhizopus spp. fungi infections were found in 22.2% and 27.8% of the sunflower heads in Kecskemét and in Bácsalmás, respectively. Parasitoid ichneumons (ectoparasites) were observed in 9 and 7.4% of the larvae. The extent of damage due to cannibalism was 1-2% of larvae. This rate was not considered as significant. The study provides important technical information for the integrated protection against this insect species, which causes significant damage. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Helicoverpa armygera nationallicence Rhyzopus arrhizus nationallicence Rh. oryzae nationallicence Rh.stolonifer nationallicence Rhizopus/Erwinia syndrome nationallicence Horváth Z. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, Kecskemét College, 6000 Kecskemét, Erdei F. tér 1-3, Hungary aut Boros J. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, Kecskemét College, 6000 Kecskemét, Erdei F. tér 1-3, Hungary aut Škorić F. D. Institue of Field and Vegetable Corps, Oilcrops Department, M. Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro aut HELIA De Gruyter 27/41(2004-12-01), 173-180 1018-1806 27:41<173 2004 27 helia https://doi.org/10.2298/hel0441173h text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2298/hel0441173h text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Horváth Z. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, Kecskemét College, 6000 Kecskemét, Erdei F. tér 1-3, Hungary aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Boros J. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, Kecskemét College, 6000 Kecskemét, Erdei F. tér 1-3, Hungary aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Škorić F. D. Institue of Field and Vegetable Corps, Oilcrops Department, M. Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- HELIA De Gruyter 27/41(2004-12-01), 173-180 1018-1806 27:41<173 2004 27 helia CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter