caa a22 4500 37891751X CHVBK 20180305123557.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20041101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1515/CCLM.2004.245 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1515/CCLM.2004.245 Therapeutic drug monitoring of old and newer anti-epileptic drugs [Elektronische Daten] [Hugo M. Neels, Ann C. Sierens, Kristine Naelaerts, Simon L. Scharpé, George M. Hatfield, Willy E. Lambert] The aim of the present paper is to provide information concerning the setting up and interpretation of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for anti-epileptic drugs. The potential value of TDM for these drugs (including carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, pheneturide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, tiagabine, topiramate, valproic acid, vigabatrin and zonisamide) is discussed in relation to their mode of action, drug interactions and their pharmacokinetic properties. The review is based upon available literature data and on observations from our clinical practice. Up until approximately 15 years ago anti-epileptic therapeutics were restricted to a very few drugs that were developed in the first half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, many patients were refractory to these drugs and a new generation of drugs has been developed, mostly as add-on therapy. Although the efficacy of the newer drugs is no better, there is an apparent improvement in drug tolerance, combined with a diminished potential for adverse drug interactions. All new anticonvulsant drugs have undergone extensive clinical studies, but information on the relationship between plasma concentrations and effects is scarce for many of these drugs. Wide ranges in concentrations have been published for seizure control and toxicity. Few studies have been undertaken to establish the concentration-effect relationship. This review shows that TDM may be helpful for a number of these newer drugs. © Walter de Gruyter Medical equipment & techniques nationallicence Medical diagnosis nationallicence Diseases & disorders nationallicence anti-epileptic drugs nationallicence review nationallicence therapeutic drug monitoring nationallicence Neels Hugo M. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium aut Sierens Ann C. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium aut Naelaerts Kristine Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium aut Scharpé Simon L. Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium aut Hatfield George M. Pharmacy, Island Hospital, Anacortes, WA, USA aut Lambert Willy E. Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Walter de Gruyter 42/11(2004-11-01), 1228-1255 1434-6621 42:11<1228 2004 42 cclm https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2004.245 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2004.245 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neels Hugo M. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sierens Ann C. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Naelaerts Kristine Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scharpé Simon L. Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hatfield George M. Pharmacy, Island Hospital, Anacortes, WA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lambert Willy E. Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Walter de Gruyter 42/11(2004-11-01), 1228-1255 1434-6621 42:11<1228 2004 42 cclm CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter