caa a22 4500 378924796 CHVBK 20180915123325.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20041117xx s 000 0 eng 10.2202/1538-0637.1330 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.2202/1538-0637.1330 Trade Liberalization and Pollution Havens [Elektronische Daten] [Josh Ederington, Arik Levinson, Jenny Minier] U.S. Presidential Executive Order 13141 commits the United States to a careful assessment and consideration of the environmental impacts of trade agreements. The most direct mechanism through which trade liberalization would affect environmental quality in the U.S. is through the composition of industries. Freer trade means greater specialization, increasing the concentration of polluting industries in some countries and decreasing it in others. We begin by documenting the substantial shift in U.S. manufacturing toward cleaner industries from 1972 to 1994. We then use annual industry-level data on imports to the U.S. to examine whether this compositional shift can be traced to the significant trade liberalization that occurred over the same time period, and we conclude that no such connection exists. A shift toward cleaner industries has also occurred among U.S. imports, and we find no evidence that pollution-intensive industries have been disproportionately affected by the tariff changes. ©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston Pollution Haven nationallicence PACE nationallicence Environment nationallicence Ederington Josh University of Kentucky, ederington@uky.edu aut Levinson Arik Georgetown University, aml6@georgetown.edu aut Minier Jenny University of Kentucky, jminier@uky.edu aut Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy De Gruyter 3/2(2004-11-17) 3:2 2004 3 bejeap https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0637.1330 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0637.1330 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ederington Josh University of Kentucky, ederington@uky.edu aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Levinson Arik Georgetown University, aml6@georgetown.edu aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Minier Jenny University of Kentucky, jminier@uky.edu aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy De Gruyter 3/2(2004-11-17) 3:2 2004 3 bejeap CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence SWISSBIB 094382549 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter