caa a22 4500 378924818 CHVBK 20180305123614.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20040220xx s 000 0 eng 10.2202/1538-0637.1215 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.2202/1538-0637.1215 Trade Integration and Political Turbulence: Environmental Policy Consequences [Elektronische Daten] [Per G Fredriksson, Muthukumara Mani] This paper contributes to the unresolved issue regarding the effect of economic integration on environmental policymaking. In particular, we discuss the joint impact of trade openness and political stability on environmental policymaking. Our theory predicts that the effect of trade integration on environmental policy is conditional on the degree of political stability. Trade integration affects the stringency of environmental policies due to changes in industry bribery behavior, and the effect is conditional on the degree of political stability. The empirical findings support the theory and are robust to alternative specifications. The stringency enhancing effect on environmental policy of trade integration is greater in politically stable countries. ©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston Trade liberalization nationallicence environmental regulations nationallicence political instability nationallicence pollution haven nationallicence trade policy nationallicence Fredriksson Per G. Southern Methodist University, per.fredriksson@louisville.edu aut Mani Muthukumara The World Bank, mmani@worldbank.org aut Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy De Gruyter 3/2(2004-02-20) 3:2 2004 3 bejeap https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0637.1215 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0637.1215 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fredriksson Per G. Southern Methodist University, per.fredriksson@louisville.edu aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mani Muthukumara The World Bank, mmani@worldbank.org aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy De Gruyter 3/2(2004-02-20) 3:2 2004 3 bejeap CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence SWISSBIB 078916739 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter