caa a22 4500 378931695 CHVBK 20180305123631.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20040101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1351/pac200476040861 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1351/pac200476040861 Trends and challenges in biochemical sensors for clinical and environmental monitoring [Elektronische Daten] [Silvana Andreescu, O. A. Sadik] Biochemical sensors have emerged as a dynamic technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of different analytes in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food and process control. The need for a low-cost, reliable, ultra-sensitive, and rapid sensor continues to grow as the complexity of application areas increases. New biosensing techniques are emerging due to the need for shorter sample preparation protocols. Such novel biosensor designs make field and bed-site clinical testing simpler with substantial decrease in costs per sample throughputs. In this paper, we will review the recent trends and challenges in clinical and environmental biosensors. The review will focus on immunological, nucleic acid, and cell-based clinical and biological sensors. Special emphasis will be placed on the approaches used for immobilization or biological reagents and low-cost electrochemical biosensors. The promising biosensors for rapid diagnosis of cancer or HIV are also discussed. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Andreescu Silvana Advanced Sensor and Threat Detection Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA aut Sadik O. A. Advanced Sensor and Threat Detection Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA aut Pure and Applied Chemistry De Gruyter 76/4(2004-01-01), 861-878 0033-4545 76:4<861 2004 76 pac https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200476040861 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200476040861 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Andreescu Silvana Advanced Sensor and Threat Detection Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sadik O. A. Advanced Sensor and Threat Detection Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pure and Applied Chemistry De Gruyter 76/4(2004-01-01), 861-878 0033-4545 76:4<861 2004 76 pac CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter