Reference Pricing of Pharmaceuticals for Medicare: Evidence from Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand
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| 024 | 7 | 0 | |a 10.2202/1558-9544.1050 |2 doi |
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| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Reference Pricing of Pharmaceuticals for Medicare: Evidence from Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand |h [Elektronische Daten] |c [Patricia M. Danzon, Jonathan D. Ketcham] |
| 520 | 3 | |a This paper describes three prototypical systems of therapeutic reference pricing (RP) for pharmaceuticalsGermany, the Netherlands, and New Zealandand examines their effects on the availability of new drugs, reimbursement levels, manufacturer prices, and out-of-pocket surcharges to patients. RPfor pharmaceuticals is not simply analogous to a defined contribution approach to subsidizing insurance coverage. Although a major purpose of RPis to stimulate competition, theory suggests that the achievement of this goal is unlikely, and this is confirmed by the empirical evidence. Other effects of RPdiffer across countries in predictable ways, reflecting each countrys system design and other cost-control policies. New Zealands RPsystem has reduced reimbursement and limited the availability of new drugs, particularly more expensive drugs. Compared to these three countries, if RP were applied in the United States, it would likely have a more negative effect on prices of on-patent products because of the more competitive U.S. generic market, and on research and development (R&D) and the future supply of new drugs, because of the much larger U.S. share of global pharmaceutical sales. | |
| 540 | |a ©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Danzon |D Patricia M. |u University of Pennsylvania, and NBER |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ketcham |D Jonathan D. |u University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Forum for Health Economics & Policy |d De Gruyter |g 7/1(2004-01-01) |q 7:1 |1 2004 |2 7 |o fhep | |
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| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 856 |E 40 |u https://doi.org/10.2202/1558-9544.1050 |q text/html |z Onlinezugriff via DOI | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Danzon |D Patricia M. |u University of Pennsylvania, and NBER |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Ketcham |D Jonathan D. |u University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 773 |E 0- |t Forum for Health Economics & Policy |d De Gruyter |g 7/1(2004-01-01) |q 7:1 |1 2004 |2 7 |o fhep | ||
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