caa a22 4500 378932101 CHVBK 20180305123632.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20040201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1524/zpch.218.2.255.25920 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1524/zpch.218.2.255.25920 Endres Frank Ionic Liquids: Promising Solvents for Electrochemistry [Elektronische Daten] [Frank Endres] Ionic liquids are solvents that are solely composed of ions. By definition their melting points are below 100°C. Typical cations are substituted imidazolium ions, like 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, or tetraalkylammonium ions, like e.g. trioctyl-methyl-ammonium. Some important anions are hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethylsulfonate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Many ionic liquids have negligible vapour pressures even at temperatures of 300°C and more, they can have viscosities similar to water, ionic conductivities of up to 0.1(Ω cm)−1, and, which makes them interesting for electrochemistry, wide electrochemical windows of more than 6 Volt. In this review article recent results of the author are summarized. It is shown that with the scanning tunneling microscope the processes during phase formation can be probed in situ with high quality. An important result is that semiconductors, shown at the example of germanium, can be made electrochemically on the nanoscale and that the electronic properties (band gap) can be measured in situ with current/voltage tunneling spectroscopy. Ionic liquids will gain a rising interest in electrochemistry as elements and compounds can be made electrochemically which are not accessible by conventional aqueous or organic electrochemistry. © 2004 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH Thermodynamics & statistical physics nationallicence Laboratory techniques, experiments nationallicence Physical chemistry nationallicence Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie/International journal of research in physical chemistry and chemical physics Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH 218/2/2004(2004-02-01), 255-284 0942-9352 218:2/2004<255 2004 218 zpch https://doi.org/10.1524/zpch.218.2.255.25920 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1524/zpch.218.2.255.25920 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Endres Frank NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie/International journal of research in physical chemistry and chemical physics Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH 218/2/2004(2004-02-01), 255-284 0942-9352 218:2/2004<255 2004 218 zpch CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter