caa a22 4500 378939165 CHVBK 20180305123648.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161128e20040930xx s 000 0 eng 10.1351/pac200476091659 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)gruyter-10.1351/pac200476091659 Kabanov V. A. Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia From synthetic polyelectrolytes to polymer-subunit vaccines [Elektronische Daten] [V. A. Kabanov] The results of many years of collaborative research by chemists and immunologists in the area of application of synthetic polyelectrolytes in immunology are reviewed. Linear synthetic polyelectrolytes with diverse structures (which are not structural analogs of biopolymers and, hence, not antigenic because they are unknown to the immune system), when introduced into the organism, noticeably intensify the formation, migration, and dissemination of stem cells, which are precursors of all specialized cells including functional immune cells. In addition, synthetic polyelectrolytes, when introduced in mixtures with typical antigens (proteins, natural microbial polysaccharides, and their synthetic analogs), serve as immunostimulants enhancing immune response by several times. Moreover, individual bacterial or viral antigens, not sufficiently active by themselves, induce specific immune response enhanced by orders of magnitude if chemically bound to synthetic polyelectrolytes. Such conjugates being preliminarily administrated, protect organisms from absolutely mortal doses of the corresponding bacteria or viruses. The nontoxic immunostimulant was developed: the ternary copolymer of 1,4-ethylenepiperazine,1,4-ethylenepiperazine-N-oxide, and (N -carboxymethylene)-1,4-ethylenepiperazinium bromide (brand name "polyoxidonium ”™) permitted for human administration. The conjugate of polyoxidonium with hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, protein subunits of influenza viruses, has appeared as the first non-Pasteurian vaccine, which now is successfully used in Russia (about 50 million immunized people for the last 7 years). The physicochemical mechanisms of the biological effect of these compounds and challenges of the further use of the approach developed are considered in the review. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Pure and Applied Chemistry De Gruyter 76/9(2004-09-30), 1659-1677 0033-4545 76:9<1659 2004 76 pac https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200476091659 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200476091659 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Kabanov V. A. Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Pure and Applied Chemistry De Gruyter 76/9(2004-09-30), 1659-1677 0033-4545 76:9<1659 2004 76 pac CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-gruyter