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   <subfield code="a">Bildungschancen für Frauen und Mädchen im interkonfessionellen Vergleich</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">The Reformation and confessionalization significantly influenced education - both at the elementary and higher levels, and also from the perspective of gender history. The confessional foundation of all education resulted in the requirement of strict separation of the sexes. In connection with the view of women held at the time, a concept of religiously oriented girls' education developed that clearly departed from the late medieval coeducational, pragmatic transmission of knowledge. The new concept shaped education into modern times. The overseers of education were, in Protestant territories, secular governments who were bound to the ecclesiastical ordinances, and in Catholic lands religious orders (among others, the Jesuits and Ursulines) and confraternities. A comparison of the confessions shows for the lower level of instruction, which had close ties with catechization, more common features than differences. By contrast, more advanced education for girls reveals clear distinctions. A central and confessionally significant moment was that of orientation toward the pedagogical tradition of the women's cloisters, chapters, and religious communities. The new Catholic women's orders could achieve a substantially greater effect than comparable Protestant establishments. It remains to determine more precisely what opportunities for women's education were available outside the ecclesiastically connected institutions.</subfield>
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