caa a22 4500 386312591 CHVBK 20180307111553.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130s1988 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0020818300007141 doi S0020818300007141 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0020818300007141 Haggard Stephan The institutional foundations of hegemony: explaining the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 [Elektronische Daten] [Stephan Haggard] In 1930, Congress approved the highly restrictive Smoot-Hawley tariff, the textbook case of pressure group politics run amok. Four years later, Congress passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA), surrendering much of its tariff-making authority to a policy process in which internationalists had increasing influence. While the United States had used reciprocity to expand exports before, the stick of discriminatory treatment took precedence over the carrot of liberalizing concessions. With the transfer of tariff-making authority to the executive, the United States could make credible commitments and thus exploit its market power to liberalize international trade. Despite later modifications, the RTAA set the fundamental institutional framework for trade politics. Copyright © The IO Foundation 1988 International Organization Cambridge University Press 42/1(1988), 91-119 0020-8183 42:1<91 1988 42 INO https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300007141 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300007141 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Haggard Stephan NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Organization Cambridge University Press 42/1(1988), 91-119 0020-8183 42:1<91 1988 42 INO CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge