caa a22 4500 386312753 CHVBK 20180307111554.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198804 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0010417500015188 doi S0010417500015188 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0010417500015188 Dewey Horace W. University of Michigan Russia's Debt to the Mongols in Suretyship and Collective Responsibility [Elektronische Daten] [Horace W. Dewey] The terms poruka (suretyship or collective responsibility) and poruchnik (surety, guarantor) rarely appear in pre-Mongol Russian texts. Formal poruka seems to have expanded enormously only after the Mongol invasion. The institution clearly flourished in Muscovite Russia, where q"surety bonds” (poruchnye zapisi) were drawn up to cover debts and contractual obligations, military and administrative service, payment of fiscal levies, obligatory labor, trial procedure, personal conduct, public safety, political allegiance—and even matters of conscience and orthodoxy ("spiritual suretyship”). In all those areas, individuals or groups of people could, as "sureties,” be held responsible for the conduct of others, the "principals.” Sureties faced harsh penalties—fines, forced labor, corporal punishment, and worse—for their principals' misconduct or failure to fulfill certain obligations. Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1988 Comparative Studies in Society and History Cambridge University Press 30/2(1988-04), 249-270 0010-4175 30:2<249 1988 30 CSS https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500015188 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500015188 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Dewey Horace W. University of Michigan NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Comparative Studies in Society and History Cambridge University Press 30/2(1988-04), 249-270 0010-4175 30:2<249 1988 30 CSS CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence SWISSBIB 224338056 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge