caa a22 4500 386334676 CHVBK 20180307111729.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198909 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S079096670001541X doi S079096670001541X pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S079096670001541X Noradrenaline and animal cognitive processes: implications for dementia [Elektronische Daten] Recent research on the neurochemical deficits that accompany Alzheimer's disease (AD), senile dementia (SD) and Korsakoff's dementia (KD) have prompted renewed interest in the involvement of central cholinergic systems in learning and memory processes. Evidence for the role of cholinergic systems in the dementias is now overwhelming and has been reviewed in detail elsewhere, e.g. Briefly, such evidence includes findings of decreased cortical activity of the cholinergic marker enzyme choline-acetyltransferase (CAT), reduced activity of the acetylcholine degrading enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and degeneration of the cholinergic cells of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nBM) and medial septal nucleus (MS). Pharmacotherapy based on a knowledge of these cholinergic deficits has included (i) ACh precursor therapy, e.g. choline, lecithin; (ii) anti-cholinesterase treatments e.g. physostigmine, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA), disopropylfluorophosphate (DFP); or (iii) cholinergic synthesis agonists e.g. oxotremorine, arecholine. These have had some success, but it has only been modest. While lack of efficacy has been attributed in specific cases to the pharmacokinetics of some of these drugs e.g. physostigmine, bethanecol, a more general explanation is that SD not only results from a cholinergic deficit but also involves abnormalities in many other neurotransmitter systems. Thus, more recent findings on the neuropathology of AD and the dementias have implied that while a cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive dysfunction in dementia has strong support, dementia can be considered to be a multi-system disorder. Newer studies indicate pathologies involving serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutaminergic and noradrenergic systems. This review will focus on dysfunction of the noradrenergic system and will conclude that degeneration of this system is an important substrate of cognitive impairments found in dementia. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989 Moran Paula Department of Pharmacology, University College Galway, Galway, Ireland Leonard Brian E. Department of Pharmacology, University College Galway, Galway, Ireland Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Cambridge University Press 6/2(1989-09), 106-108 0790-9667 6:2<106 1989 6 IPM https://doi.org/10.1017/S079096670001541X text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 other jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S079096670001541X text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moran Paula Department of Pharmacology, University College Galway, Galway, Ireland NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Leonard Brian E. Department of Pharmacology, University College Galway, Galway, Ireland NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Cambridge University Press 6/2(1989-09), 106-108 0790-9667 6:2<106 1989 6 IPM CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge