caa a22 4500 386340617 CHVBK 20180307111749.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198909 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/1962064 doi S0003055400086019 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/1962064 Roeder Philip G. University of California, San Diego Modernization and Participation in the Leninist Developmental Strategy [Elektronische Daten] [Philip G. Roeder] The Soviet Union achieved its stability in the early stages of development not by institutionalizing participation but by forcing departicipation and substituting a functionally distinct form of political activity—involvement in co-production. These policies constitute essential complements in the Leninist developmental strategy. The ability of enlisted involvement to block the growth of participatory pressures tends to decline in later stages of development, however. The result is spontaneous withdrawal from the institutions of coproduction and the rise of participatory pressures. This pattern is documented with evidence from Soviet electoral and membership statistics, Soviet reports of opinion surveys, Western interviews of Soviet émigrés, and cross-national estimates of political dissidence. The Leninist crisis of participation requires a policy response to close the participation-institution gap once again. The alternative policy responses of Soviet general secretaries are characterized as totalitarian, authoritarian, liberal, and socialist. Copyright © American Political Science Association 1989 American Political Science Review Cambridge University Press 83/3(1989-09), 859-884 0003-0554 83:3<859 1989 83 PSR https://doi.org/10.2307/1962064 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/1962064 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Roeder Philip G. University of California, San Diego NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- American Political Science Review Cambridge University Press 83/3(1989-09), 859-884 0003-0554 83:3<859 1989 83 PSR CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge