caa a22 4500 386360928 CHVBK 20180307111914.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198901 xx s 000 0 eng 10.4039/Ent12155-1 doi S0008347X00028492 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.4039/Ent12155-1 EFFICACY OF OIL-BASED FORMULATIONS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER VAR. KURSTAKI AGAINST THE HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (GUEN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) [Elektronische Daten] Oil-based formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki, Dipel 132, Dipel 176, and Dipel 264, were aerially applied at rates of 1.18-2.36 L/ha over five 30-ha plots in a balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., forest in efficacy tests against the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.), in Newfoundland. Double applications of 30 Billion International Units (BIU) per hectare of each formulation and single applications of 40 BIU per hectare of Dipel 176 and Dipel 264 were tested. Larval population reductions of more than 95% and no defoliation of old or new foliage were observed in the plots receiving double applications and in the plot treated with a single application of Dipel 264. Larval numbers were reduced by 85% and defoliation was 4% in the plot treated once with Dipel 176. These treatments were applied against low to moderate larval populations, and their success was attributed to excellent spray coverage and early application when 50% or more of the larvae were still in their first instar. Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989 West R.J. Newfoundland Forestry Centre, Forestry Canada, PO Box 6028, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5X8 Raske A.G. Newfoundland Forestry Centre, Forestry Canada, PO Box 6028, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5X8 Sundaram A. Newfoundland Forestry Centre, Forestry Canada, PO Box 6028, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5X8 The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/1(1989-01), 55-63 0008-347X 121:1<55 1989 121 TCE https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent12155-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent12155-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- West R.J. Newfoundland Forestry Centre, Forestry Canada, PO Box 6028, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5X8 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Raske A.G. Newfoundland Forestry Centre, Forestry Canada, PO Box 6028, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5X8 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sundaram A. Newfoundland Forestry Centre, Forestry Canada, PO Box 6028, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5X8 NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/1(1989-01), 55-63 0008-347X 121:1<55 1989 121 TCE CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge