caa a22 4500 386360936 CHVBK 20180307111914.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198901 xx s 000 0 eng 10.4039/Ent12181-1 doi S0008347X00028522 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.4039/Ent12181-1 TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. AND FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES [Elektronische Daten] Laboratory tests with selected carbamate, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid insecticides demonstrated that the pyrethroid permethrin has the best potential for controlling newly hatched larvae of Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. and Free. Permethrin possessed high crawling contact toxicity (toxicity of insecticide deposits on foliage when contacted by crawling larvae) and direct contact toxicity to first-instar larvae and exhibited long residual effectiveness on potted, white spruce trees. Chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, mexacarbate, and methomyl had high crawling contact toxicity but short residual activity. Azinphos-methyl appeared to possess long residual effectiveness but relatively low crawling contact toxicity. Aminocarb and thiodicarb exhibited short residual effectiveness and relatively low toxicity. In field trials, an aerial application of permethrin (70 g/ha) at egg hatch resulted in an 81% population reduction and limited the destruction of tree leaders to 9%. Leader destruction was greater than 19% after treatments of permethrin at 35 g AI/ha or aminocarb at 180 g AI/ha or aminocarb twice at 90 g AI/ha. Leader destruction in an untreated plantation was 51%. Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989 Helson B.V. Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 de Groot P. Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 Turgeon J.J. Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 Kettela E.G. Canadian Forestry Service — Maritimes, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5W7 The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/1(1989-01), 81-91 0008-347X 121:1<81 1989 121 TCE https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent12181-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent12181-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Helson B.V. Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- de Groot P. Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Turgeon J.J. Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kettela E.G. Canadian Forestry Service — Maritimes, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5W7 NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/1(1989-01), 81-91 0008-347X 121:1<81 1989 121 TCE CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge