caa a22 4500 386361266 CHVBK 20180307111916.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198903 xx s 000 0 eng 10.4039/Ent121209-3 doi S0008347X00028637 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.4039/Ent121209-3 AERIAL APPLICATION OF TWO BACULOVIRUSES AGAINST THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA [Elektronische Daten] Two viruses, one a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the other a granulosis virus, were applied in an attempt to initiate epizootics in populations of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, in southeastern British Columbia. Two 172-ha plots were aerially treated in 1982 with 9.0 kg of lyophilized, virus-infected larval powder that was formulated in an emulsifiable oil tank mix and applied at 9.4 L per hectare. Each plot was treated when larval populations were at the peak of the fourth instar. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was applied at 5.4 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectare and the granulosis virus at 1.7 × 1014 capsules per hectare. Results showed that the granulosis virus treatment caused 34.6% population reduction (Abbott's formula) and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus 51.8%. Larvae from treated and check plots were reared individually in the laboratory and the incidence of viruses, parasitoids, and successful adult emergence was recorded. Studies m these plots continued in 1983 and 1984. Although vertical transmission of both viruses was evident, their impact on budworm mortality was less than in 1982. Consequently, the epizootics were not sufficiently intense to control the target insect population. Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989 Otvos I.S. Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5 Cunningham J.C. Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Pest Management Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 Kaupp W.J. Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Pest Management Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/3(1989-03), 209-217 0008-347X 121:3<209 1989 121 TCE https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent121209-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent121209-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Otvos I.S. Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cunningham J.C. Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Pest Management Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kaupp W.J. Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Pest Management Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/3(1989-03), 209-217 0008-347X 121:3<209 1989 121 TCE CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge