caa a22 4500 386361304 CHVBK 20180307111916.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198903 xx s 000 0 eng 10.4039/Ent121267-3 doi S0008347X00028686 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.4039/Ent121267-3 POPULATION DENSITY ESTIMATION OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON BALSAM FIR AND WHITE SPRUCE FROM 45-CM MID-CROWN BRANCH TIPS [Elektronische Daten] The 45-cm mid-crown branch tip from balsam fir and white spruce is described in terms of surface area, fresh weight, and bud density. Fresh weight is suggested as the most appropriate unit to express density of all stages of the spruce budworm's, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), life cycle, particularly for the purposes of comparisons between host species and locations with different foliage conditions. Changes in distribution of the spruce budworm in the crown of balsam fir are documented for all stages of the insect's life cycle. Correction factors to account for these changes when estimating density on the basis of the 45-cm branch tip sampling unit are given for balsam fir and white spruce. The amount of error in detection of spruce budworm larvae on foliage of both host trees by sampling personnel varied systematically and consistently as a function of insect development. A method to compensate for this type of error is also suggested. Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1989 Régnière Jacques Forestry Canada, Qukbec Region, Laurentian Forestry Centre, PO Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4C7 Lysyk Timothy J. Forestry Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 Auger Michel Minisère de l'énergie et des ressources du Québec, 1530 Blvd de l'Entente, Québec, Québec, Canada The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/3(1989-03), 267-281 0008-347X 121:3<267 1989 121 TCE https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent121267-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent121267-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Régnière Jacques Forestry Canada, Qukbec Region, Laurentian Forestry Centre, PO Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4C7 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lysyk Timothy J. Forestry Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Auger Michel Minisère de l'énergie et des ressources du Québec, 1530 Blvd de l'Entente, Québec, Québec, Canada NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Canadian Entomologist Cambridge University Press 121/3(1989-03), 267-281 0008-347X 121:3<267 1989 121 TCE CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge