caa a22 4500 386380988 CHVBK 20180307112041.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198902 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0266467400003187 doi S0266467400003187 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0266467400003187 Fraga Rosendo M. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama Interactions between nectarivorous birds and the flowers of Aphelandra sinclairiana in Panama [Elektronische Daten] [Rosendo M. Fraga] Flowers of Aphelandra sinclairiana have features of flowers pollinated by hermit humming-birds (long corollas) and of those pollinated by territorial humming-birds (dilute nectar, clustered distribution). Flowers in large clumps at the peak of the blooming season were pollinated by two territorial humming-birds, but at the end of the season or in isolated plants the main avian pollinator was the non-territorial hermit Phaethornis superciliosus. Visits by avian nectar thieves were more frequent at high flower densities. The reproductive output of inflorescences was similar at different levels of flower aggregation. Aphelandra flowers in large clumps could exchange pollen with extraterritorial plants because territorial humming-birds did not completely exclude pollinating hermits. The commonest nectar thief at high flower aggregations was the passerine Vermivora peregrina, the second most common nectar thief was the hermit Phaethornis longuemareus. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989 Aphelandra nationallicence flower aggregation nationallicence nectar thieves nationallicence Panama nationallicence Phaethornis nationallicence pollination nationallicence territorial humming-birds nationallicence Journal of Tropical Ecology Cambridge University Press 5/1(1989-02), 19-26 0266-4674 5:1<19 1989 5 TRO https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400003187 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400003187 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Fraga Rosendo M. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Tropical Ecology Cambridge University Press 5/1(1989-02), 19-26 0266-4674 5:1<19 1989 5 TRO CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge