caa a22 4500 386389195 CHVBK 20180307112108.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130s1989 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0269727000010952 doi S0269727000010952 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0269727000010952 Restoration of coastal dunes breached by pipeline landfalls in north-east Scotland [Elektronische Daten] Six major oil and natural gas pipelines make landfalls on the coastline of north-east Scotland. Four land at St Fergus, one at Cruden Bay and one at Shandwick. The Cruden Bay line dates from 1973: at St Fergus landfalls were made in 1975, 1976 and 1984: and at Shandwick in 1979. With the exception of the Shandwick landfall, the pipelines cross relatively wide sandy beaches with associated dune ridges. All the pipelines were laid using a simple trenching technique whereby a beach trench was dug and a large V-shaped cut made through the main foredune ridge and interior backslope, inner dunes or slack environments. All these landforms were replaced quickly by backfilling. Thereafter, physical devices such as nets, brushwood, sand trapping fences and bitumen sprays ensured surface stability. Equally important was a replanting programme which had two main components: - hand-planted marram grass and agriculturally seeded grass mixtures. Topsoil was added, fertiliser was applied and other cultivation practices were used. Since 1973, several surveys of the progress and success of these restoration procedures have been made. On the whole, landform stability has been very satisfactory. Re-vegetation has met with mixed success, especially with regard to those changes which could be described as the gradual re-invasion of natural or local plant associations to replace the artificially planted species. Various lengths of time have ensued, and in some examples the rate and pattern of re-vegetation have been examined by means of periodic sampling. This has made possible reasonable assessments of the influence of local environment factors on the ability of sown species to establish and create a sward, the extent to which they persist over a period of years, and the ability of native species from the neighbouring dune system to re-invade and compete successfully in the developing turf. Standard methods have been used for planting marram grass to stabilise the steeper seaward sand slopes, but these are reviewed in the light of results of recent experimental studies of various planting techniques. The possibilities for exploiting these findings in the rehabilitation of any future pipeline crossings of dunes are considered. Since slightly different re-vegetation procedures were adopted in the several dune crossings under review, it is also possible to comment on the optimum solutions to restoration problems of this kind which are associated with mature coastal sand dunes. Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1989 Use, Management and Conservation nationallicence Ritchie W. Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1AS, U.K. Gimingham C. H. Department of Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, U.K. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences Royal Society of Edinburgh Scotland Foundation 96(1989), 231-245 0269-7270 96<231 1989 96 PRB https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269727000010952 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269727000010952 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ritchie W. Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1AS, U.K NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gimingham C. H. Department of Plant Science, University of Aberdeen, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB9 2UD, U.K NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences Royal Society of Edinburgh Scotland Foundation 96(1989), 231-245 0269-7270 96<231 1989 96 PRB CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge