caa a22 4500 386390010 CHVBK 20180307112111.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e198905 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0026749X00001062 doi S0026749X00001062 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0026749X00001062 Fong Mak Lau National University of Singapore The Social Alignment Patterns of the Chinese in Nineteenth-Century Penang [Elektronische Daten] [Mak Lau Fong] Being the concluding part of the study on the Chinese in the nineteenth-century Straits Settlements, the inquiry has a twofold aim: to construct a social alignment pattern of the Chinese in Penang, and to compare the pattern with those in Singapore and Malacca. Altogether 14,500 names of donors from epigraphic sources were processed. The Penang Chinese exhibited a rather unique social alignment pattern in that the Hokkiens had been very active in a number of community oriented associations. Cases of cross-dialect-group participation were few, as compared to the other two settlements, for the various dialect groups in Penang, particularly the Hokkiens, were largely attracted to the inter-provincial associations. This was a unique social alignment pattern. The findings from Penang, together with those in Singapore and Malacca were used to reconstruct an unidimensional scale for measuring the system rigidity of Chinese voluntary associations. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989 Modern Asian Studies Cambridge University Press 23/2(1989-05), 259-276 0026-749X 23:2<259 1989 23 ASS https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00001062 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00001062 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Fong Mak Lau National University of Singapore NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Modern Asian Studies Cambridge University Press 23/2(1989-05), 259-276 0026-749X 23:2<259 1989 23 ASS CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge