caa a22 4500 386392544 CHVBK 20180307112124.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130s1989 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/1051128 doi S0748081400011334 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/1051128 Beckley Frederic A. A Passive Exemption Test for Religious Free Exercise Cases [Elektronische Daten] [Frederic A. Beckley] What is more miserable than uncertainty! Martin Luther, ON THE BONDAGE OF THE WILL Accordingly, those who thus philosophize more subtly over these terms appear to be ridiculous John Calvin, INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION Commentators agree about two things concerning the free exercise clause of the first amendment: first, that its primary purpose is to protect religious liberty; and second, that its jurisprudence seems unguided and incomprehensible. Scholars and courts have proposed various free exercise tests, none of which has proven satisfactory in producing consistency and predictability. Moreover, such tests invariably require judges to make subjective inquiries into beliefs; such inquires are harmful to religious freedom. This article proposes a clear, practical and objective free exercise test for granting judicial exemptions to individuals, based on the underlying value of safeguarding religious liberty. Copyright © Center for the Study of Law and Religion at Emory University 1989 Journal of Law and Religion Cambridge University Press 7/2(1989), 433-482 0748-0814 7:2<433 1989 7 JLR https://doi.org/10.2307/1051128 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/1051128 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Beckley Frederic A. NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Law and Religion Cambridge University Press 7/2(1989), 433-482 0748-0814 7:2<433 1989 7 JLR CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge