caa a22 4500 38801704X CHVBK 20180307124914.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199809 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0022336000027219 doi S0022336000027219 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0022336000027219 Secondary tiering on crinoids from the Waldron Shale (Silurian: Wenlockian) of Indiana [Elektronische Daten] [Shanan E. Peters, Kennard B. Bork] Superbly preserved specimens of Eucalyptocrinites tuberculatus from the Waldron Shale (Silurian, Wenlockian) of Indiana have been found with epibionts attached in living position to their stems. The rhynchonellid brachiopod Stegerhynchus indianense, the tabulate coral Favosites forbesi, the annelids? Spirorbis and Cornulites, bryozoans, and rarely the ichnogenus Tremichnus utilized living crinoids as secondary tiering surfaces. Crinozoans also attached to upright crinoid columns, and their holdfasts are the most abundant epibionts on pluricolumnals. Eucalyptocrinites crassus individuals contributed to the success of their epibionts by providing stable attachment surfaces elevated up to one meter above the sediment-water interface. Although crinoid-epibiont relationships are frequently blurred by taphonomic processes, articulated crinoid specimens and encrusters on pluricolumnals suggest that secondary tiering was a significant paleoecological element in the Waldron Shale. Copyright © The Paleontological Society Peters Shanan E. Department of Geology and Geography, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, <peters_s@cc.denison.edu> aut Bork Kennard B. Department of Geology and Geography, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, <bork@cc.denison.edu> aut Journal of Paleontology Cambridge University Press 72/5(1998-09), 887-894 0022-3360 72:5<887 1998 72 JPA https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000027219 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000027219 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Peters Shanan E. Department of Geology and Geography, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, <peters_s@cc.denison.edu> aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bork Kennard B. Department of Geology and Geography, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, <bork@cc.denison.edu> aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Paleontology Cambridge University Press 72/5(1998-09), 887-894 0022-3360 72:5<887 1998 72 JPA CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge