caa a22 4500 388037415 CHVBK 20180307125010.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199804 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/1007774 doi S0003161500026821 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/1007774 Hanger Kimberly S. University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma "Desiring Total Tranquility” and Not Getting It: Conflict Involving Free Black Women in Spanish New Orleans [Elektronische Daten] [Kimberly S. Hanger] Colonial New Orleans was a community, like so many others in Latin America, in which the upper sectors desired to maintain order and "toda tranquilidad,” preferably by way of legislation and judicial compromise but through force and authoritarian measures if necessary. Challenges to this tranquility came from those groups considered marginal and thus often subordinated, oppressed, and made generally unhappy with the status quo, among them workers, women, soldiers, slaves, and free blacks (libres). Free black women— the focus of this paper—drew upon multiple experiences as members of several of these subjugated groups: as women, as nonwhites, sometimes as former slaves, and usually as workers, forced by poverty to support their families with earnings devalued because they were gained doing "women's work.” But they did not suffer silently. Condemning the patriarchal order, racist, sexist, authoritarian society in which they operated, libre women vigorously attacked it both verbally and physically, employing such elite-defined legal and illegal methods as petitions, judicial procedures, slander, insults, arson, and assault and battery. Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1998 The Americas Cambridge University Press 54/4(1998-04), 541-556 0003-1615 54:4<541 1998 54 TAM https://doi.org/10.2307/1007774 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/1007774 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Hanger Kimberly S. University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Americas Cambridge University Press 54/4(1998-04), 541-556 0003-1615 54:4<541 1998 54 TAM CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge