caa a22 4500 388038098 CHVBK 20180307125012.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199801 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/1008415 doi S0003161500026444 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/1008415 Charney Paul West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas A Sense of Belonging: Colonial Indian Cofradías and Ethnicity in the Valley of Lima, Peru [Elektronische Daten] [Paul Charney] With the Spanish conquest came racial miscegenation, depopulation, forced relocation, and migration, which resulted in the implosion of many ethnic (as well as linguistic) distinctions among the Indian peoples. Facilitating this implosion was a European-invented label "indio,” which eliminated—philosophically, juridically, and legally—virtually all ethnic differences. Yet it bestowed upon the Indian peoples a separate existence. In the Peruvian Andes, Indians themselves during rebellious episodes contributed to this ethnic leveling when they called for pan-Andean unity or the return of the pax incaica. To be sure, numerous Indian groups did not entirely loose their distinct identities, and the ethnic implosion itself varied in time and space. Ethnic differences could be maintained through the upkeep of cultural and racial traits, such as in dress, language, marital patterns, or territorial and social boundaries. In large measure, the leveling or disappearance of precontact ethnicities occurred at a faster rate in the urban environments where Indians from rural areas took up residence, or in any region where Spanish culture or non-Indian peoples predominated. There, the invented "indio” or new ethnicity was the viable alternative and thus stronger, while the autochthonous base and ethnic distinctions remained weaker. This weakness differentiated urbanized Indians from their rural counterparts who sustained their links to the past far longer. Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1998 The Americas Cambridge University Press 54/3(1998-01), 379-407 0003-1615 54:3<379 1998 54 TAM https://doi.org/10.2307/1008415 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/1008415 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Charney Paul West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Americas Cambridge University Press 54/3(1998-01), 379-407 0003-1615 54:3<379 1998 54 TAM CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge