caa a22 4500 388042273 CHVBK 20180307125026.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199803 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0020860400090756 doi S0020860400090756 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0020860400090756 Graditzky Thomas Individual criminal responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law committed in non-international armed conflicts [Elektronische Daten] [Thomas Graditzky] Two prominent events that occurred midway through this century had a great impact on international criminal law. The first milestone in this area was the trials of the major war criminals held in Nuremberg and Tokyo in the wake of the Second World War. They highlighted the principle of individual criminal responsibility for certain serious violations of the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict; the terms "crimes against the peace”, "war crimes”, and "crimes against humanity” found formal recognition. The second event, following closely on the first, was the adoption of the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the protection of war victims. These instruments established a specific framework for the prevention and punishment of the most serious violations of the provisions they contain; the technical term "grave breach” was coined. Copyright © International Committee of the Red Cross 1998 International Review of the Red Cross Cambridge University Press 38/322(1998-03), 29-56 0020-8604 38:322<29 1998 38 RCE https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400090756 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400090756 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Graditzky Thomas NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Review of the Red Cross Cambridge University Press 38/322(1998-03), 29-56 0020-8604 38:322<29 1998 38 RCE CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge