caa a22 4500 388044764 CHVBK 20180307125033.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199809 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/524826 doi S0002020600036404 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/524826 Burgess Stephen F. African Security in the Twenty-First Century: The Challenges of Indigenization and Multilateralism [Elektronische Daten] [Stephen F. Burgess] With the onset of the twenty-first century, power distribution has become a key factor in African security. In western and southern Africa, power has become more concentrated and hierarchical, especially with the growing assertiveness of three regional powers, Nigeria, South Africa and Zimbabwe, and organizations (ECOWAS and SADC) which have the authority, salience and capability to mount and lead security operations. In contrast, in central and eastern Africa, anarchy remains prevalent and helps to explain the failure to enforce peace in both Rwanda and Somalia. The indigenization of peace enforcement in western and southern Africa has been accompanied by high levels of salience, as regional forces have struggled to prevent spillover of conflicts into their home countries. African forces have been more willing than the United Nations and other outsiders to accept the costs of "crossing the line,” taking sides, and enforcing peace. The record of peace enforcement and interventionism for humanitarian purposes has been mixed. For example, ECOMOG peace enforcement in Liberia and Sierra Leone prevented seizures of power and retribution and allowed peace-making to begin in which agreements were reached and implemented and in which elected governments came to power. On the other hand, ECOMOG committed its share of abuses and prolonged conflicts and humanitarian crises that could have been ended fairly quickly by force. Copyright © African Studies Association 1998 African Studies Review Cambridge University Press 41/2(1998-09), 37-62 0002-0206 41:2<37 1998 41 ASR https://doi.org/10.2307/524826 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/524826 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Burgess Stephen F. NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- African Studies Review Cambridge University Press 41/2(1998-09), 37-62 0002-0206 41:2<37 1998 41 ASR CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge