caa a22 4500 388053372 CHVBK 20180307125059.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199812 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/3679300 doi S0080440100011178 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/3679300 McFarlane Anthony The Institute of Historical Research, London Identity, Enlightenment and Political Dissent in Late Colonial Spanish America [Elektronische Daten] [Anthony McFarlane] During the long crisis of the Spanish empire between 1810 and 1825, the Creole leaders of Spanish American independence asserted a new identity for the citizens of the states which they sought to establish, calling them ‘Americanos'. This general title was paralleled and often supplanted by other political neologisms, as movements for independence and new polities took shape in the various territories of Spanish America. In New Spain, the insurgents who fought against royalist government during the decade after 1810 tried to rally fellow ‘Mexicans' to a common cause; at independence in 1821, die Creole political leadership created a ‘Mexican empire', the title of which, with its reference to the Aztec empire which had preceded Spain's conquest, was designed to evoke a ‘national' history shared by all members of Mexican society. In South America, die leaders of the new republics also sought to promote patriotic feelings for territories which had been converted from administrative units of Spanish government into independent states. Thus, San Martín and O'Higgins convoked ‘Chileans' to the cause of independence in the old Captaincy-General of Chile; shortly afterwards and with notably less success, San Martín called upon ‘Peruvians' to throw off Spanish rule. Bolívar was, likewise, to call ‘Colombians' to his banner in die erstwhile Viceroyalty of New Granada, before advancing south to liberate Peru in the name of ‘Peruvians', and Upper Peru in the name of ‘Bolivians', where the Republic which his military feats and political vision made possible was named after him. Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1998 Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Cambridge University Press 8(1998-12), 309-335 0080-4401 8<309 1998 8 RHT https://doi.org/10.2307/3679300 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/3679300 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- McFarlane Anthony The Institute of Historical Research, London NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Cambridge University Press 8(1998-12), 309-335 0080-4401 8<309 1998 8 RHT CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge