caa a22 4500 388054050 CHVBK 20180307125101.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199803 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0889189300007608 doi S0889189300007608 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0889189300007608 Creating positive incentives for farm composting [Elektronische Daten] With the growing concern about the impact of agriculture on water quality and heightened interest in managing agricultural by-products economically, the use of composting by U.S. farmers is increasing. Over 8,000 farms are now composting animal mortalities, manure, crop residues, and selected organic materials from communities and industries. At least 75% of farm composting operations are composting poultry mortalities. Based on discussions with contacts in leading agricultural states and organizations, this paper provides examples of technical and economic incentive programs encouraging farmers to adopt composting as a way to manage farm by-products. These programs have been established largely by the public sector, including state agencies, public universities, USDA, and USEPA. However, they are often initiated by or conducted in partnership with the private sector entities such as farms, livestock and poultry product companies, and composting businesses. Examples of incentive programs include research and demonstration projects, extension educational programs, technical standards, regulatory incentives, cost-sharing, financial grants, and low-interest loans. Many projects have succeeded in expanding the practice of composting among farms. For example, the now common practice of composting poultry mortalities can be traced to research and educational programs at the Universities of Maryland and Delaware, which were followed by a national technical standard adopted by the USDA. Similar success stories are apparent in other composting incentive programs, such as for composting of swine mortalities in Missouri, dairy manure in Michigan, and non-farm materials in California and Pennsylvania. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998 manure nationallicence mortalities nationallicence dairy nationallicence poultry nationallicence swine nationallicence Kashmanian Richard M. Senior Economist, Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 Rynk Robert F. Assistant Professor, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture Cambridge University Press 13/1(1998-03), 40-45 0889-1893 13:1<40 1998 13 AJA https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300007608 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0889189300007608 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kashmanian Richard M. Senior Economist, Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rynk Robert F. Assistant Professor, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- American Journal of Alternative Agriculture Cambridge University Press 13/1(1998-03), 40-45 0889-1893 13:1<40 1998 13 AJA CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge