caa a22 4500 388058714 CHVBK 20180307125114.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199803 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0954394500001216 doi S0954394500001216 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0954394500001216 Cameron Richard The University of Illinois, Chicago A variable syntax of speech, gesture, and sound effect: Direct quotations in Spanish [Elektronische Daten] [Richard Cameron] A variationist account of how direct quotations are framed in spoken Spanish requires definition of the variable and the envelope of variation followed by investigation of linguistic, stylistic, and social constraints. The variable is defined as a set of three strategies for directly quoting the speech, gestures, and sound effects of people, animals, or things in the natural world, real or imagined, faithfully or not. These strategies involve verbs of direct report, a bare noun phrase (Y yo, "¡¿Ay qué hago?!” ‘And I, "Oh, what should I do?'), and freestanding quotation with no frame. Investigation of linguistic constraints finds influence both from within and above the sentence. These include clause type, person, number, animacy of speaker, quotation content, switch reference, and a "birds of a feather” effect. Data on stylistic constraints provide evidence for style as a function of attention to form. Social constraints reveal complicated, yet familiar influences of age, sex, and class, with teenagers showing parallels to Eckert's work on gender and variation. Evidence also emerges for both age grading and a change in progress. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998 Language Variation and Change Cambridge University Press 10/1(1998-03), 43-83 0954-3945 10:1<43 1998 10 LVC https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500001216 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394500001216 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Cameron Richard The University of Illinois, Chicago NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Language Variation and Change Cambridge University Press 10/1(1998-03), 43-83 0954-3945 10:1<43 1998 10 LVC CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge