caa a22 4500 388059028 CHVBK 20180307125115.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e19980601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1375/twin.1.3.131 doi S1369052300000313 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1375/twin.1.3.131 Sex differences and non-additivity in the effects of genes on personality [Elektronische Daten] New large-sample data show that non-additive genetic effects, probably epistatic interactions between loci, and sex-limited gene expression are significant features of the genetic architecture of human personality as measured by questionnaire scales of extraversion and neuroticism. Three large data sets - new data on large samples (n = 20 554) of US twins, their spouses, parents, siblings and children, correlations for Australian twins (n = 7 532), and previously published twin data from Finland (n = 14 288) - are subjected to an integrated analysis to test alternative hypotheses about the genetic causes of family resemblance in personality. When allowance is made for differences in reliability of the scales, the combined data are consistent with the same model for variation. There are significant amounts of genetic non-additivity for both dimensions of personality. The evidence favours additive × additive epistatic interactions rather than dominance. In the case of neuroticism, there is especially strong evidence of sex differences in genetic architecture favouring a greater relative contribution of non-additive genetic effects in males. The data confirm previous claims to find no major contribution of the shared environment of twins and siblings to these dimensions of personality. Correlations between spouses are zero, and the correlations for very large samples of siblings and non-identical twins do not differ significantly. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998 personality nationallicence twins nationallicence genetics nationallicence sex differences nationallicence non-additivity nationallicence neuroticism nationallicence Eaves Lindon J. Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond. Heath Andrew C. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis. Neale Michael C. Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond. Hewitt John K. Institute of Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA. Martin Nicholas G. Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. nickM@qimr.edu.au Twin Research Cambridge University Press 1/3(1998-06-01), 131-137 1369-0523 1:3<131 1998 1 THG https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.1.3.131 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.1.3.131 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eaves Lindon J. Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Heath Andrew C. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neale Michael C. Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hewitt John K. Institute of Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Martin Nicholas G. Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. nickM@qimr.edu.au NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Twin Research Cambridge University Press 1/3(1998-06-01), 131-137 1369-0523 1:3<131 1998 1 THG CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge