caa a22 4500 388059346 CHVBK 20180307125116.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199803 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1079/PHN19980006 doi S136898009800007X pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1079/PHN19980006 Mortality in vegetarians and non-vegetarians: a collaborative analysis of 8300 deaths among 76,000 men and women in five prospective studies [Elektronische Daten] Abstract Objective: To compare the mortality rates of vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Design: Collaborative analysis using original data from five prospective studies. Death rate ratios for vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians were calculated for ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancers of the stomach, large bowel, lung, breast and prostate, and for all causes of death. All results were adjusted for age, sex and smoking. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates of effect for all studies combined. Setting: USA, UK and Germany. Subjects: 76, 172 men and women aged 16-89 years at recruitment. Vegetarians were those who did not eat any meat or fish (n = 27,808). Non-vegetarians were from a similar background to the vegetarians within each study. Results: After a mean of 10.6 years of follow-up there were 8330 deaths before the age of 90 years, including 2264 deaths from ischaemic heart disease. In comparison with non-vegetarians, vegetarians had a 24% reduction in mortality from ischaemic heart disease (death rate ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.94). The reduction in mortality among vegetarians varied significantly with age at death: rate ratios for vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians were 0.55 (95% CI 0.35—0.85), 0.69 (95% CI 0.53-0.90) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.73-1.16) for deaths from ischaemic heart disease at ages <65, 65-79 and 80-89 years, respectively. When the non-vegetarians were divided into regular meat eaters (who ate meat at least once a week) and semi-vegetarians (who ate fish only or ate meat less than once a week), the ischaemic heart disease death rate ratios compared to regular meat eaters were 0.78 (95% CI 0.68-0.89) in semi-vegetarians and 0.66 (95% CI 0.53-0.83) in vegetarians (test for trend P<0.001). There were no significant differences between vegetarians and non-vegetarians in mortality from the other causes of death examined. Conclusion: Vegetarians have a lower risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease than non-vegetarians. Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998 Vegetarian nationallicence Mortality nationallicence Ischaemic heart disease nationallicence Colorectal cancer nationallicence Key Timothy J. Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK Fraser Gary E. Center for Health Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA Thorogood Margaret Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Appleby Paul N. Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK Beral Valerie Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK Reeves Gillian Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK Burr Michael L. Centre for Applied Public Health Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK Chang-Claude Jenny Division of Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany Frentzel-Beyme Rainer Bremer Institut für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin, Bremen, Germany Kuzma Jan W. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA Mann Jim Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand McPherson Klim Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Public Health Nutrition Cambridge University Press 1/1(1998-03), 33-41 1368-9800 1:1<33 1998 1 PHN https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN19980006 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN19980006 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Key Timothy J. Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fraser Gary E. Center for Health Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thorogood Margaret Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Appleby Paul N. Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beral Valerie Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reeves Gillian Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Burr Michael L. Centre for Applied Public Health Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chang-Claude Jenny Division of Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Frentzel-Beyme Rainer Bremer Institut für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin, Bremen, Germany NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kuzma Jan W. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mann Jim Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McPherson Klim Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Public Health Nutrition Cambridge University Press 1/1(1998-03), 33-41 1368-9800 1:1<33 1998 1 PHN CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge