caa a22 4500 388076496 CHVBK 20180307125201.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199902 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1557/S0883769400051538 doi S0883769400051538 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1557/S0883769400051538 Surfaces, Interfaces, and Changing Shapes in Multilayered Films [Elektronische Daten] It is generally recognized that the capillary forces associated with internal and external interfaces affect both the shapes of liquid-vapor surfaces and wetting of a solid by a liquid. It is less commonly understood that the same phenomenology often applies equally well to solid-solid or solid-vapor interfaces. The fundamental quantity governing capillary phenomena is the excess free energy associated with a unit area of interface. The microscopic origin of this excess free energy is often intuitively simple to understand: the atoms at a free surface have "missing bonds”; a grain boundary contains "holes” and hence does not have the optimal electronic density; an incoherent interface contains dislocations that cost strain energy; and the ordering of a liquid near a solid-liquid interface causes a lowering of the entropy and hence an increase in the free energy. In what follows we shall show how this fundamental quantity determines the shape of increasingly complex bodies: spheres, wires, thin films, and multilayers composed of liquids or solids. Crystal anisotropy is not considered here; all interfaces and surfaces are assumed isotropic. Consideration of the equilibrium of a spherical drop of radius R with surface free energy γ shows that pressure inside the droplet is higher than outside. The difference is given by the well-known Laplace equation: This result can be obtained by equating work done against internal and external pressure during an infinitesimal change of radius with the work of creating a new surface. Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999 Josell Daniel Spaepen Frans MRS Bulletin Cambridge University Press 24/2(1999-02), 39-43 0883-7694 24:2<39 1999 24 MRS https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400051538 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400051538 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Josell Daniel NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Spaepen Frans NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- MRS Bulletin Cambridge University Press 24/2(1999-02), 39-43 0883-7694 24:2<39 1999 24 MRS CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge