caa a22 4500 388079991 CHVBK 20180307125211.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199912 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/2586120 doi S0003055400219163 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/2586120 Replicating Experiments Using Aggregate and Survey Data: The Case of Negative Advertising and Turnout [Elektronische Daten] Experiments show significant demobilizing and alienating effects of negative advertising. Although internally valid, experiments may have limited external validity. Aggregate and survey data offer two ways of providing external validation for experiments. We show that survey recall measures of advertising exposure suffer from problems of internal validity due to simultaneity and measurement error, which bias estimated effects of ad exposure. We provide valid estimates of the causal effects of ad exposure for the NES surveys using instrumental variables and find that negative advertising causes lower turnout in the NES data. We also provide a careful statistical analysis of aggregate turnout data from the 1992 Senate elections that Wattenberg and Brians (1999) recommend. These aggregate data confirm our original findings. Experiments, surveys, and aggregate data all point to the same conclusion: Negative advertising demobilizes voters. Copyright © American Political Science Association 1999 Ansolabehere Stephen D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Iyengar Shanto Stanford University Simon Adam University of Washington American Political Science Review Cambridge University Press 93/4(1999-12), 901-909 0003-0554 93:4<901 1999 93 PSR https://doi.org/10.2307/2586120 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/2586120 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ansolabehere Stephen D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Iyengar Shanto Stanford University NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Simon Adam University of Washington NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- American Political Science Review Cambridge University Press 93/4(1999-12), 901-909 0003-0554 93:4<901 1999 93 PSR CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge