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   <subfield code="a">Effect of caffeine on the vocal folds: a pilot study</subfield>
   <subfield code="h">[Elektronische Daten]</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Caffeine is considered to be a dehydrating agent with detrimental effects on the quality of voice of persons ingesting it. This has led medical personnel dealing with voice disorders, especially in the case of professional voice users, to give advice against the use of caffeine. Yet this is an anecdotal truth as an extensive Medline literature search did not reveal any scientific evidence of caffeine being proven to have adverse effects on the vocal folds. We, therefore, initiated this pilot study to ascertain the connection between caffeine and voice quality on a laboratory basis. Two hundred and fifty mg of caffeine were provided to eight volunteers in tablet form, and blood levels along with laryngograph readings were recorded to document the changes produced. Analysing the irregularities of frequencies in a) free speech b) a reading passage and c) singing ‘Happy Birthday', substantial changes were seen to authenticate the fact that caffeine does produce alterations in voice quality but these alterations have considerable intrasubject variability. A full study with wider parameters is to be performed on this subject as we consider it to be of importance in the management of voice disorders.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 1999</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Caffeine</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Vocal fold</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Akhtar</subfield>
   <subfield code="D">S.</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Wood</subfield>
   <subfield code="D">G.</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Rubin</subfield>
   <subfield code="D">J. S.</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">O'Flynn</subfield>
   <subfield code="D">P. E.</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Ratcliffe</subfield>
   <subfield code="D">P.</subfield>
   <subfield code="u">Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="t">The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology</subfield>
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