caa a22 4500 388091142 CHVBK 20180307125251.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199912 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/3170207 doi S0009640700085723 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/3170207 Pitkin Barbara Barbara Pitkin is visiting assistant professor of religious studies at Stanford University. Seeing and Believing in the Commentaries on John by Martin Bucer and John Calvin [Elektronische Daten] [Barbara Pitkin] John Eck's allegation that those advancing justification by faith alone were themselves finding it necessary to distinguish different types of faith describes accurately the reality in the evangelical movement in the 1530s-1550s. The Reformers' initial clarity and optimism about saving faith is seen, for example, in Article 20 of the Augsburg Confession (1530), which describes the scriptural view of faith as a confidence in God and a certain assurance of God's grace. Moreover, the Confession carefully distinguishes this true faith from both mere knowledge of historical events concerning Christ and from virtuous actions that spring from faith, and does not deign to designate these latter legitimate types of faith. However, subsequent dissension within the Protestant camp over the Law (Johann Agricola, for example), justification (Andreas Osiander, for example), and the sacraments, combined with the continued criticism of those Catholic opponents designated by Eck as "the faithful,” forced the magisterial Reformers to defend and, in some cases, refine their understandings of faith. Missing from Eck's assessment, however, is an indication of how exegetical activity in addition to polemical exchanges might attest and even contribute to this reevaluation. In this regard, the Gospel of John constitutes an especially important area for investigation. Protestant understandings of faith were drawn from and bolstered by Pauline texts, especially Rom. 1:17, 3:28, 4:3-9, and 10:17; Gal. 4:6; and Heb. Copyright © American Society of Church History 1999 Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture Cambridge University Press 68/4(1999-12), 865-885 0009-6407 68:4<865 1999 68 CHH https://doi.org/10.2307/3170207 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/3170207 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Pitkin Barbara Barbara Pitkin is visiting assistant professor of religious studies at Stanford University NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture Cambridge University Press 68/4(1999-12), 865-885 0009-6407 68:4<865 1999 68 CHH CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge