caa a22 4500 388097043 CHVBK 20180307125306.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199905 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0029665199001366 doi S0029665199001366 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0029665199001366 Development of farmed fish: a nutritionally necessary alternative to meat [Elektronische Daten] The projected stagnation in the catch from global fisheries and the continuing expansion of aquaculture is considered against the background that fishmeal and fish oil are major feed stocks for farmed salmon and trout, and also for marine fish. The dietary requirement of these farmed fish for high-quality protein, rich in essential amino acids, can be met by sources other than fishmeal. However, the highly-polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) present in high concentrations in fish oil are essential dietary constituents for marine fish and highly-desirable dietary constituents for salmonids. Currently, there is no feasible alternative source to fish oil for these nutrients in fish feeds. Vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) can partially substitute for 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in salmonid and marinefish feeds. However, this is nutritionally undesirable for human nutrition because the healthpromoting effects of fish-derived 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 reflect a very high intake of 18:2n-6 relative to linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in Western diets. If partial replacement of fish oils in fish feeds with vegetable oils becomes necessary in future, it is argued that 18:3n-3-rich oils, such as linseed oil, are the oils of choice because they are much more acceptable lrom a human nutritional perspective, especially given the innate ability of freshwater fish, including salmonids, to convert dietary 18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. In the meantime, a more judicious use of increasinglyexpensive fish oil in aquaculture is recommended. High priorities in the future development of aquaculture are considered to be genetic improvement of farmed fish stocks with enhanced abilities to convert C18 to C20 and C22 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, enhanced development of primary production of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 by single-cell marine organisms, and continuing development of new species. Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999 Polyunsaturated fatty acids nationallicence Eicosapentaenoic acid nationallicence Docosahexaenoic acid nationallicence Fishmeal nationallicence Fish oil nationallicence Sargent J. R. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK Tacon A. G. J. Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Cambridge University Press 58/2(1999-05), 377-383 0029-6651 58:2<377 1999 58 PNS https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665199001366 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 conference jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665199001366 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sargent J. R. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tacon A. G. J. Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Cambridge University Press 58/2(1999-05), 377-383 0029-6651 58:2<377 1999 58 PNS CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge