caa a22 4500 388097655 CHVBK 20180307125308.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199911 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S002966519900110X doi S002966519900110X pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S002966519900110X Conditioned food aversions: principles and practices, with special reference to social facilitation [Elektronische Daten] Conditioned food aversion is a powerful experimental tool to modify animal diets. We have also investigated it as a potential management tool to prevent livestock from grazing poisonous plants such as tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi), white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) on western US rangelands. The following principles pertain to increasing the strength and longevity of aversions: mature animals retain aversions better than young animals; novelty of the plant is important, although aversions can be created to familiar plants; LiCl is the most effective emetic, and the optimum dose for cattle is 200 mg/kg body weight; averted animals should be grazed separately from non-averted animals to avoid the influence of social facilitation which can rapidly extinguish aversions. Social facilitation is the most important factor preventing widespread application of aversive conditioning. When averted animals see other animals eat the target food they will sample it, and if there is no adverse reaction they will continue eating and extinguish the aversion. However, if averted animals can be grazed separately, aversions will persist. Aversive conditioning may provide an effective management tool to prevent animals from eating palatable poisonous plants that cause major economic loss. The Nutrition Society Diet selection nationallicence Conditioned food aversion nationallicence Social facilitation nationallicence Poisonous plants nationallicence Ralphs Michael H. USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA Provenza Frederick D. Rangeland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Cambridge University Press 58/4(1999-11), 813-820 0029-6651 58:4<813 1999 58 PNS https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966519900110X text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 conference jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966519900110X text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ralphs Michael H. USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Provenza Frederick D. Rangeland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Cambridge University Press 58/4(1999-11), 813-820 0029-6651 58:4<813 1999 58 PNS CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge