caa a22 4500 388099763 CHVBK 20180307125314.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130s1999 xx s 000 0 eng 10.2307/3116130 doi S0007680500062462 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.2307/3116130 Environmental Activism, Locomotive Smoke, and the Corporate Response: The Case of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Chicago Smoke Control [Elektronische Daten] In the early 1900s, a powerful antismoke movement in Chicago forced the Pennsylvania Railroad to develop strategies for reducing public protest against the company, limiting fines, and blocking legislation forcing railroads to electrify. The company pursued a policy of least steps, by retrofitting locomotives with ameliorative technology, through fuel substitutions, and by training firemen and engineers in efficient combustion methods. By 1909, however, pressure for electrification in Chicago intensified, and Pennsylvania managers worked to retain control over the pace of technological change. In coordination with other railroads, management attempted to obey smoke ordinances without interfering with railroad operations and profitability. Company archives reveal an earnest learning process and differences among railroad managers regarding appropriate responses to antismoke regulations. Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 1999 Stradling David DAVID STRADLING is an assistant professor in the Federated Department of History at the New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers-Newark. Tarr Joel A. JOEL A. TARR is the Richard S. Caliguri Professor of History & Policy at Carnegie Mellon University. Business History Review Cambridge University Press 73/4(1999), 677-704 0007-6805 73:4<677 1999 73 BHR https://doi.org/10.2307/3116130 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.2307/3116130 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stradling David DAVID STRADLING is an assistant professor in the Federated Department of History at the New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers-Newark NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tarr Joel A. JOEL A. TARR is the Richard S. Caliguri Professor of History & Policy at Carnegie Mellon University NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Business History Review Cambridge University Press 73/4(1999), 677-704 0007-6805 73:4<677 1999 73 BHR CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge