caa a22 4500 388102055 CHVBK 20180307125325.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199908 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0020743800055483 doi S0020743800055483 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0020743800055483 Zeghal Malika Religion and Politics in Egypt: The Ulema of Al-Azhar, Radical Islam, and the State (1952-94) [Elektronische Daten] [Malika Zeghal] A vast literature has been produced since the 1980s on the emergence of Islamist movements in the Middle East. This literature offers different rationales for the emergence of new kinds of foes to the political regimes of the region. Filling the void left by the leftist opposition, the Islamist militants appeared around the 1970s as new political actors. They were expected neither by the state elites, which had initiated earlier modernizing political and social reforms, nor by political scientists who based their research on modernization-theory hypotheses. The former thought that their reform policies toward the religious institution would reinforce their control of the religious sphere, and the latter expected that secularization would accompany the modernization of society. The surprise brought by this new political phenomenon pushed observers to focus mainly on the Islamists and to overlook the role of the ulema, the specialists of the Islamic law, who were considered entirely submitted to the state. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999 International Journal of Middle East Studies Cambridge University Press 31/3(1999-08), 371-399 0020-7438 31:3<371 1999 31 MES https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800055483 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800055483 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Zeghal Malika NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Journal of Middle East Studies Cambridge University Press 31/3(1999-08), 371-399 0020-7438 31:3<371 1999 31 MES CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge