caa a22 4500 388103647 CHVBK 20180307125329.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161130e199912 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1017/S0020859000115226 doi S0020859000115226 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)cambridge-10.1017/S0020859000115226 Frader Laura Levine From Muscles to Nerves: Gender, "Race” and the Body at Work in France 1919-1939 [Elektronische Daten] [Laura Levine Frader] In the years before and immediately after World War I, gendered and racialized bodies at work became the focus of debate and discussion in France amongst an informal alliance of engineers, doctors, scientists, employers, workers, and the state. Seduced by the promise of "modernity”, and the seemingly endless possibilities of science and mechanization, the state attempted to modernize public services and employers sought new ways to discipline labor for greater productivity. Both mobilized rationalization - Taylorism and work science - in the service of greater efficiency and in an effort to identify the allegedly "natural” qualities that made gendered and racialized workers suitable for certain kinds of jobs and would exclude them from others. A not insignificant dimension of this project lay in how French work scientists began to envision the potential uses of gendered French and colonial labor. The development of the French North-African and Indochinese colonial empires around the turn of the century heightened attention to racialized difference. World War I had opened the opportunity to use racialized colonial bodies, both on the military front and in the factory. Thinking about race and gender characteristics continued to influence work science and its applications in the 1920s and 1930s. Work scientists' experiments to ascertain the physical endurance of colonial male workers and white workers underscored the durability of gender meanings i n dealing with white French workers and the instability of those meanings in assessing the abilities of workers of color. Copyright © Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis 1999 International Review of Social History Cambridge University Press 44/S7(1999-12), 123-147 0020-8590 44:S7<123 1999 44 ISH https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859000115226 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859000115226 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Frader Laura Levine NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Review of Social History Cambridge University Press 44/S7(1999-12), 123-147 0020-8590 44:S7<123 1999 44 ISH CC0 http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-cambridge