caa a22 4500 397500157 CHVBK 20180308164530.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e199509 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/imammb/12.3-4.297 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/imammb/12.3-4.297 Meta-analysis and the synthesis of evidence [Elektronische Daten] [KEITH ABRAMS, DAVID R. JONES] Use of meta-analytical (quantitative overview) techniques is now commonplace in a large range of medical-research contexts, with a rapid rise in its frequency of use being particularly apparent in the last decade. Many methods of meta-analysis have been proposed and used, from crude ‘vote-counting' of studies showing significant or nonsignificant results, through methods for combination of effect-size estimates based on fixed- or random-effects models, to general, linear, mixed models and Bayesian methods. The history of meta-analysis and the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to it are briefly reviewed in this paper, with reference to its application in health-services research and related fields. Broader approaches to the synthesis of evidence in these contexts using conventional multilevel modelling and hierarchical Bayesian models to address the combination of evidence from disparate types of study are then outlined. © 1995 Oxford University Press Part 3: Simulation and Modelling nationallicence meta-analysis nationallicence synthesis nationallicence fixed effects nationallicence random effects nationallicence hierarchical model nationallicence Bayesian methods nationallicence ABRAMS KEITH Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester LE1 6TP, UK aut JONES DAVID R. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester LE1 6TP, UK aut Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA Oxford University Press 12/3-4(1995-09), 297-313 1477-8599 12:3-4<297 1995 12 imammb https://doi.org/10.1093/imammb/12.3-4.297 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/imammb/12.3-4.297 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- ABRAMS KEITH Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester LE1 6TP, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- JONES DAVID R. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester LE1 6TP, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA Oxford University Press 12/3-4(1995-09), 297-313 1477-8599 12:3-4<297 1995 12 imammb Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford