caa a22 4500 397503601 CHVBK 20180308164538.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202e19950101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082501 doi 0144-8420 pii (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082501 Valentin (INVITED) J. INVITED UNSCEAR Data Collections on Medical Radiation Exposures: Trends and Consequences [Elektronische Daten] [J. Valentin (INVITED)] UNSCEAR evaluates medical radiation frequencies and effective doses (E) or effective dose equivalents (HE) at four health care levels (I = industrialised countries, IV = poor developing countries). The 1993 Report is fairly complete for levels I and II. Effective doses for specific procedures may differ from effective dose equivalents by a factor of 2, but for entire practices E and HE are similar. For most X ray examinations, doses at level I decrease but computed tomography (CT) doses are increasing, resulting in an overall annual per caput HE of 1 mSv. Doses at levels II, III and IV are 0.1, 0.1 and 0.04 mSv (worldwide average 0.3 mSv). For nuclear medicine, the annual per caput HE is 0.09, 0.008, 0.008 and 0.008 mSv at levels I-IV (worldwide average 0.3 mSv). For the first time, UNSCEAR now also estimates effective doses in radiotherapy (excluding dose to target). These are 0.7, 0.2, 0.03 and 0.02 mSv annually per caput at levels I-IV (average 0.3 mSv) for tele- and brachytherapy, much less for therapeutic nuclear medicine (average 0.002 mSv). These doses cannot be directly compared to diagnostic doses, but therapy should not be disregarded in dose statistics. UNSCEAR draws no radiation protection conclusions. However, its data suggest that attention should be paid to CT, to paediatric X ray examinations, to repeated X ray examinations of small subsets of populations, to fluoroscopy and to choice of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals in developing countries. Radiation Protection Dosimetry Radiation Protection Dosimetry Oxford University Press 57/1-4(1995-01-01), 85-90 0144-8420 57:1-4<85 1995 57 rpd https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082501 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082501 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Valentin (INVITED) J. INVITED NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Radiation Protection Dosimetry Oxford University Press 57/1-4(1995-01-01), 85-90 0144-8420 57:1-4<85 1995 57 rpd Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford