caa a22 4500 397517033 CHVBK 20180308164621.0 cr unu---uuuuu 161202s1995 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1093/eurpub/5.3.175 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)oxford-10.1093/eurpub/5.3.175 Occupational transmission of HIV in health care workers [Elektronische Daten] A review [KATHRYN M. FITCH, LUCÍA PÉREZ ALVAREZ, RAFAEL DE ANDRÉS MEDINA, RAFAEL NÁJERA MORRONDO] Health care workers have a small but real risk of acquiring HIV infection as a result of occupational exposure. In this paper, we review all reports in the scientific literature from 1984 through to December 1993 of confirmed and probable cases of HIV seroconversion after a specific occupational exposure. A total of 64 confirmed cases have been reported, 24 in Europe, 36 in the USA and 4 in other countries. Most seroconversions have resulted from percutaneous exposure (91%) to AIDS patients (62%), usually caused by hollow bore needlestick injuries inflicted during blood drawing procedures. Almost all seroconversions have been detected within 6 months of exposure (94%) and have usually been preceded by an episode of acute illness (73%). Ten seroconversions have occurred in spite of partial or complete courses of zidovudine prophylaxis. An additional 113 probable cases have been reported, 75 in the USA, 35 in Europe and 3 in other countries. Aggregating the results of the prospective studies carried out, it is calculated that the risk of seroconversion following percutaneous exposure is 0.33% or ∼ 3 in 1000 exposures (95% Cl: 0.21-0.52%), while the risk following mucocutaneous exposure is much lower (0.04%, 95% Cl: 0.006-0.31%). The documented failure of zidovudine prophylaxis following occupational exposure in a number of instances indicate its effect is, at best, only partial; furthermore, exposure to source patients who have been receiving the drug may lead to transmission of zidovudine-resistant strains of HIV. Risk factors for occupational exposure to HIV and for transmission, given that an exposure has occurred, are discussed. © European Journal of Public Health ORIGINAL ARTICLES nationallicence HIV nationallicence occupational transmission nationallicence health care workers nationallicence FITCH KATHRYN M. K.M. Fitch, as of 1 March 1994, affiliated with Unidad de investigaciön en Servicios de Salud, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain aut ALVAREZ LUCÍA PÉREZ Centro Nadonal de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain aut ANDRÉS MEDINA RAFAEL DE Centro Nadonal de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain aut MORRONDO RAFAEL NÁJERA Centro Nadonal de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain aut The European Journal of Public Health Oxford University Press 5/3(1995), 175-186 1101-1262 5:3<175 1995 5 eurpub https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/5.3.175 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/5.3.175 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- FITCH KATHRYN M. K.M. Fitch, as of 1 March 1994, affiliated with Unidad de investigaciön en Servicios de Salud, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- ALVAREZ LUCÍA PÉREZ Centro Nadonal de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- ANDRÉS MEDINA RAFAEL DE Centro Nadonal de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- MORRONDO RAFAEL NÁJERA Centro Nadonal de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The European Journal of Public Health Oxford University Press 5/3(1995), 175-186 1101-1262 5:3<175 1995 5 eurpub Metadata rights reserved CC BY-NC-4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-oxford